220 lines
8.1 KiB
Groff
220 lines
8.1 KiB
Groff
.TH GROWISOFS 1m "13 Dec 2005" "growisofs 6.0"
|
|
.SH NAME
|
|
growisofs \- combined mkisofs frontend/DVD recording program.
|
|
.SH SYNOPSIS
|
|
.B growisofs
|
|
[\fB\-dry\-run\fP]
|
|
[\fB\-dvd\-compat\fP]
|
|
[\fB\-overburn\fP]
|
|
[\fB\-speed=1\fP]
|
|
\-[\fBZ|M\fP]
|
|
.I /dev/dvd
|
|
.I <mkisofs-options>
|
|
|
|
.SH DESCRIPTION
|
|
\fBgrowisofs\fP was originally designed as a frontend to \fBmkisofs\fP
|
|
to facilitate appending of data to ISO9660 volumes residing on
|
|
random-access media such as DVD+RW, DVD\-RAM, plain files, hard disk
|
|
partitions. In the course of development general purpose DVD recording
|
|
support was implemented, and as of now \fBgrowisofs\fP supports not
|
|
only random-access media, but even mastering of multi-session DVD media
|
|
such as DVD+R and DVD\-R/\-RW. In addition \fBgrowisofs\fP supports
|
|
first-/single-session recording of \fIarbitrary pre-mastered image\fP
|
|
(formatted as UDF, ISO9660 or any other file system, if formatted at
|
|
all) to all supported DVD media types.
|
|
|
|
.SH OPTIONS
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-Z\ /dev/dvd
|
|
Burn an initial session to the selected device. A special form of this
|
|
option is recognized to support burning of pre-mastered images. See
|
|
EXAMPLES section for further details.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-M\ /dev/dvd
|
|
Merge a new session to an existing one.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-version
|
|
Print version information and invoke \fBmkisofs\fP, also with \-version
|
|
option.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-dvd\-compat
|
|
Provide maximum media compatibility with DVD\-ROM/\-Video. In write-once
|
|
context (DVD+R and DVD\-R) this results in unappendable recording
|
|
(closed disk). In DVD+RW context it instructs the logical unit to
|
|
explicitly burn [otherwise optional] lead\-out.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-dry\-run
|
|
At dry\-run \fBgrowisofs\fP performs all the steps till, but not
|
|
including the first write operation. Most notably check for "overburn"
|
|
condition is performed, which implies that mkisofs is invoked and
|
|
terminated prematurely.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-overburn
|
|
Normally DVD media can accommodate up to approximately 4.700.000.000
|
|
bytes (in marketing speech 4.7GB). In other words a DVD can contain
|
|
about 4.377 GiB or 4482 MiB. Growisofs won't start without this option,
|
|
if "overburn" condition appears to be unavoidable.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI \-speed=N
|
|
An option to control recording velocity. Most commonly you'll use
|
|
\fB\-speed=1\fP with "no\-name" media, if default speed settings messes
|
|
up the media. Keep in mind that \fBN\fP essentially denotes speed
|
|
\fIclosest\fP to N*1385KBps among those offered by unit for currently
|
|
mounted media. The list can be found in \fBdvd+rw\-mediainfo\fP output.
|
|
.TP
|
|
.BI <mkisofs-options>
|
|
More options can be found in the manpage for \fBmkisofs\fP.
|
|
|
|
.P
|
|
There are several undocumented options commonly denoted with
|
|
\fB\-use\-the\-force\-luke\fP prefix. Some of them serve debugging
|
|
purposes. Some require certain knowledge about recording process or
|
|
even OS kernel internals and as being such can induce confusing
|
|
behaviour. Some are to be used in very specific situations better
|
|
recognized by front-ends or automated scripts. Rationale behind leaving
|
|
these options undocumented is that those few users who would actually
|
|
need to use them directly can as well consult the source code or obtain
|
|
specific instructions elsewhere.
|
|
|
|
.SH DIFFERENCES WITH RUNNING MKISOFS DIRECTLY
|
|
.P
|
|
When using growisofs you may not use the
|
|
.B \-o
|
|
option for an output file.
|
|
.B growisofs
|
|
dumps the image directly to the media;
|
|
.P
|
|
You don't have to specify the
|
|
.B \-C
|
|
option to create a higher level session on a multi session disk,
|
|
.B growisofs
|
|
will construct one for you;
|
|
.P
|
|
Otherwise everything that applies to
|
|
.I [multi-session]
|
|
mastering with
|
|
.B mkisofs
|
|
applies to
|
|
.B growisofs
|
|
as well.
|
|
.B growisofs
|
|
needs at least
|
|
.B mkisofs
|
|
version 1.14, version 2.0 is required for multi-session write-once
|
|
recordings.
|
|
|
|
.SH EXAMPLES
|
|
Actual device names vary from one operating system to another. We use
|
|
\fI/dev/dvd\fP as a collective name or as symbolic link to the actual
|
|
device if you wish. Under Linux it will most likely be an ide\-scsi
|
|
device such as "/dev/scd0." Under NetBSD/OpenBSD it has to be a
|
|
\fIcharacter\fP SCSI CD\-ROM device such as "/dev/rcd0c." Under Solaris
|
|
it also has to be a \fIcharacter\fP SCSI/ATAPI CD\-ROM device, e.g.
|
|
"/dev/rdsk/c0t1d0s2" or "/vol/dev/aliases/cdrom0." And likewise in
|
|
HP\-UX and IRIX...
|
|
|
|
To master and burn an ISO9660 volume with Joliet and Rock\-Ridge
|
|
extensions on a DVD:
|
|
|
|
growisofs \fB\-Z\fP /dev/dvd \fB\-R \-J\fP /some/files
|
|
|
|
To append more data to same DVD:
|
|
|
|
growisofs \fB\-M\fP /dev/dvd \fB\-R \-J\fP /more/files
|
|
|
|
Make sure to use \fIthe same options\fP for both initial burning and
|
|
when appending data.
|
|
|
|
To finalize the multi-session DVD maintaining maximum compatibility:
|
|
|
|
growisofs \fB\-M\fP /dev/dvd\fB=\fP/dev/zero
|
|
|
|
To use \fBgrowisofs\fP to write a pre-mastered ISO-image to a DVD:
|
|
|
|
growisofs \-dvd\-compat \-Z /dev/dvd\fB=\fPimage.iso
|
|
|
|
where image.iso represents an arbitrary object in the filesystem, such
|
|
as file, named pipe or device entry. Nothing is growing here and
|
|
command name is not intuitive in this context.
|
|
|
|
.SH NOTES
|
|
If executed under sudo(8) growisofs refuses to start. This is done for
|
|
the following reason. Naturally growisofs has to access the data set to
|
|
be recorded to DVD media, either indirectly by letting mkisofs generate
|
|
ISO9660 layout on-the-fly or directly if a pre-mastered image is to be
|
|
recorded. Being executed under sudo(8), growisofs effectively grants
|
|
sudoers read access to \fIany\fP file in the file system. The situation
|
|
is intensified by the fact that growisofs parses MKISOFS environment
|
|
variable in order to determine alternative path to mkisofs executable
|
|
image. This means that being executed under sudo(8), growisofs
|
|
effectively grants sudoers right to execute program of their choice
|
|
with elevated privileges. If you for any reason still find the above
|
|
acceptable and are willing to take the consequences, then consider
|
|
running following wrapper script under sudo(8) in place for real
|
|
growisofs binary.
|
|
|
|
.nf
|
|
#!/bin/ksh
|
|
unset SUDO_COMMAND
|
|
export MKISOFS=/path/to/trusted/mkisofs
|
|
exec growisofs "$@"
|
|
.fi
|
|
|
|
But note that the recommended alternative to the above "workaround" is
|
|
actually to install growisofs set\-root\-uid, in which case it will drop
|
|
privileges prior accessing data or executing mkisofs in order to
|
|
preclude unauthorized access to the data.
|
|
|
|
If the media already carries isofs and \fBgrowisofs\fP is invoked with
|
|
\fB\-Z\fP option non-interactively, e.g. through cron, it shall fail
|
|
with "FATAL: /dev/dvd already carries isofs!" Note that only ISO9660 is
|
|
recognized, you can perfectly zap e.g. an UDF filesystem
|
|
non-interactively. Recommendation is to prepare media for unattended
|
|
usage by re-formatting or nullifying first 64KB in advance.
|
|
|
|
"Overburn" protection in pre-mastered image context works only with
|
|
plain files and ISO9660 formatted volumes. E.g. [given that /dev/root
|
|
is an ext2 formatted file system larger than 4.7GB] /dev/dvd=/dev/root is
|
|
bound to produce corrupted recording.
|
|
|
|
Note that DVD+RW re-formatting procedure does not substitute for
|
|
blanking. If you want to nullify the media, e.g. for privacy reasons,
|
|
do it explicitly with 'growisofs \-Z /dev/dvd\fB=/dev/zero\fP'.
|
|
|
|
Playback of re-writable DVD media, both DVD+RW and DVD\-RW, might be
|
|
limited in legacy DVD\-ROM/\-Video units. In most cases this is due
|
|
to lower reflectivity of such media.
|
|
|
|
Even though growisofs supports it, playback of multi-session write-once
|
|
DVD might be limited to the first session for two reasons:
|
|
|
|
.TP
|
|
\(bu
|
|
not all DVD\-ROM players are capable of multi-border DVD\-R playback,
|
|
even less are aware of DVD+R multi-sessioning, burner unit therefore
|
|
might be the only one in your vicinity capable of accessing files
|
|
written at different occasions;
|
|
.TP
|
|
\(bu
|
|
OS might fail to mount multi-session DVD for various reasons;
|
|
.PP
|
|
The above is not applicable to DVD+RW, DVD\-RW Restricted Overwrite or
|
|
DVD\-RAM, as volumes are grown within a single session.
|
|
|
|
.SH SEE ALSO
|
|
Most up-to-date information on dvd+rw\-tools is available at
|
|
http://fy.chalmers.se/~appro/linux/DVD+RW/.
|
|
.PP
|
|
The manpage for \fBmkisofs\fP.
|
|
|
|
.SH AUTHORS
|
|
Andy Polyakov <appro@fy.chalmers.se> stands for programming and on-line
|
|
information.
|
|
|
|
This manpage is currently maintained by Huub Reuver
|
|
<h_reuver@mantell.xs4all.nl>.
|
|
|
|
.SH LICENSE
|
|
\fBgrowisofs\fP is distributed under GNU GPL.
|
|
|